The Evolution of E-Commerce Business Models and Their Influence on Global Retail Market Competitiveness

Abstract

The advent of e-commerce has revolutionized global retail markets, reshaping the way businesses and consumers interact. Over the past two decades, e-commerce business models have evolved significantly, driven by advancements in technology, shifts in consumer behavior, and the growing need for businesses to adopt more flexible, scalable, and customer-centric approaches. This paper explores the evolution of various e-commerce business models, such as Business-to-Consumer (B2C), Business-to-Business (B2B), Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C), and the emerging models like Consumer-to-Business (C2B) and direct-to-consumer (D2C). Additionally, the influence of these models on global retail market competitiveness is examined. The research delves into how e-commerce models have contributed to the rise of new players, the intensification of competition, and the transformation of traditional brick-and-mortar stores. The study also evaluates the role of data analytics, supply chain management, and digital marketing in enhancing the competitive edge of e-commerce businesses. The findings suggest that the increasing shift towards online shopping, coupled with evolving business models, is redefining the competitive landscape of the global retail market.